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Wednesday, 27 February 2013


<html>
<title>WORLD IN DANGER</title>
<body bgcolor="gray">
<script language="VBScript">
msgbox "WELCOME TO MY WEB PAGE"
msgbox "DO NOT DO POLLUTION"
</script>

<center>
<h1>GLOBAL WARMING</h1>
</center>

<h2> DEFINITION :</h2>
<p><font size="4" color="green">
<b><u><i>The increase of Earth's Temperature in compare to its average temperature is known as Global Warming.</i></u></b></font></p>

<h2> EFFECTS </h2>
<ol>
<li>It causes Melting Of Ice</li>
<li>It may cause flood in a vast region</li>
<li>It Increases the temperature of the earth</li>
</ol>

<h2> GREEN HOUSE GASES </h2>

<table border="2">

<tr>
<th>NAME OF GASES</th>
<th>CHEMICAL FORMULA</th>
</tr>
<tr>

<td>Carbon Dioxide</td>
<td>CO<sub>2</sub></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Sulphur Dioxide</td>
<td>SO<sub>2</sub></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Hydrogen Sulphide</td>
<td>H<sub>2</sub>S</td>
</table>

<h2> NATURE </h2>
<img src="4.png" height=400 width=400"></img>

<br><br><br>
</body>
</html>


Friday, 22 February 2013

PROJECT


MULTIMEDIA PROJECT

!! HOMEPAGE !!

Home.html

<html><title>!! Crime Against Women !!</title>
<body background="background\1.jpg" leftmargin="50">
<center><h1 style="background-color:brown;">
<font face="Britannic Bold" size="7" color="white">
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN</font></h1></center><br><br>

<div id='container'><p align="right"><img src="background\3.jpg"  style= 'float: right;'/><br><br>
<button type="button"><font face="berlin sans fb demi" size="6" color="blue">
CRIME AGAINST WOMEN</button><br>
<a href="crime.html" target="_blank"><button type="button">Click Me !!</button></a><br><br>
<button type="button">
<font face="berlin sans fb demi" size="6" color="blue">
STEPS TAKEN AGAINST</button><br>
<a href="steps.html" target="_blank"><button type="button">Click Me !!</button></a><br><br>
<button type="button"><font face="berlin sans fb demi" size="6" color="blue">
REPORTS & INFORMATION</button><br><a href="reports.html" target="_blank">
<button type="button">Click Me !!</button></a><br><br>

!! LINKINGS !!

Crime.html

<html><title>!! Crime Against Women !!</title>
<body background="background\2.png" leftmargin="50">
<center><h1 style="background-color:brown;"> <font face="Britannic Bold" size="7" color="white">
!! CRIME AGAINST WOMEN !!</font></h1></center>

<p style="background-color:black;"><font face="maiandra gd" size="5" color="yellow">
Over 32000 murders, 19,000 rapes, 7500 dowry deaths and 36500 molestation cases are the violent crimes reported in India in 2006 against women. There are many instances of crime especially against women go unreported in India. These are figures released by the National Crime Records Bureau recently.</p>

<p style="background-color:black;"><font face="maiandra gd" size="5" color="red">
While Madhya Pradesh is worst off among the states, the national capital New Delhi continues to hold on to its reputation of being the most unsafe city in India. Delhi takes the top slot for crimes ranging from murders and rapes to dowry deaths and abductions.</p>

<p style="background-color:black;"><font face="maiandra gd" size="5" color="yellow">
It reflects country's law and order situation when its capital is a cauldron of crime. Instead of leading the way in tackling crime, Delhi only seems to do worse year after year. For instance while the national crime rate declined negligibly by .02 % in 2006; Delhi's rate grew to 357.2more than double the national average of 167.7.</p><br>

<center><h1 style="background-color:brown;"> <font face="Britannic Bold" size="7" color="white">
!! SOME IMAGES FOR CRIME AGAINST WOMEN !!</font></h1></center><br>
<center><img src="crime\1.jpg"  width=500 height=400 style="max-width:100%;border:10px ridge #545565;">
<img src="crime\2.jpg"  width=500 height=400 style="max-width:100%;border:10px ridge #545565;">
<img src="crime\3.jpg"  width=500 height=400 style="max-width:100%;border:10px ridge #545565;">
<img src="crime\4.jpg"  width=500 height=400 style="max-width:100%;border:10px ridge #545565;">
<br><br><br></body></html>

Steps.html

<html>
<title>!! Crime Against Women !!</title>
<body background="background\2.png" leftmargin="50">
<center><h1 style="background-color:brown;"> <font face="Britannic Bold" size="7" color="white">
!! STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT !!</font></h1></center>
<center><img src="steps\1.jpg"   width=500 height=400 style="max-width:100%;border:10px ridge #545565;">
<img src="steps\2.jpg"  width=500 height=400 style="max-width:100%;border:10px ridge #545565;"></center>
<p style="background-color:yellow;"><b><font face="impact" size="6" color="black">
!! 16 STEPS POLICY AGENDA !! AGAINST CRIME TO WOMEN</p>
<ol style="background-color:black;" align="left">
<font face="maiandra gd" size="5" color="red">
<li> Ratify international and regional treaties …
<li> Adopt and enforce laws …
<li> Develop national and local action plans …
<li> Make justice accessible to women and girls …
<li> End impunity towards conflict-related sexual violence …
<li> Ensure universal access to critical services …
<li> Train providers of frontline services …
<li> Provide adequate public resources…
<li> Collect, analyze and disseminate national data…
<li> Invest in gender equality and women’s empowerment …
<li> Enhance women’s economic empowerment …
<li> Increase public awareness and social mobilization …
<li> Engage the mass media …
<li> Work for and with young people as champions of change …
<li> Mobilize men and boys …
<li> Donate to the UN Trust Fund to End Violence against Women …</ol>
<p style="background-color:yellow;">
<b><font face="impact" size="6" color="black">
!! PRIORITY ACTIONS FOR PARLIAMENT !! AGAINST CRIME TO WOMEN</p>
<ul style="background-color:black;">
<font face="maiandra gd" size="5" color="red">
<li> Priority 1: Adopt laws that work
<li> Priority 2: Make sure laws are implemented
<li> Priority 3: Educate and sensitize
<li> Priority 4: Build partnerships
<li> Priority 5: Show strong political will
<li> Priority 6: Establish a sound institutional framework</ul>
<center><h1 style="background-color:brown;">
<font face="Britannic Bold" size="7" color="white">
!! SOME STEPS TAKEN AGAINST CRIME TO WOMEN !!
</font></h1></center><br>
<center><img src="steps\3.jpg"   width=500 height=400 style="max-width:100%;border:10px ridge #545565;">
<img src="steps\4.jpg"  width=500 height=400 style="max-width:100%;border:10px ridge #545565;">
<img src="steps\5.jpg"   width=500 height=400 style="max-width:100%;border:10px ridge #545565;">
<img src="steps\6.jpg"  width=500 height=400 style="max-width:100%;border:10px ridge #545565;">
</center><br><br><br>></body></html>

Reports.html

<html>
<title>!! Crime Against Women !!</title>
<body background="background\2.png" leftmargin="50">
<center><h1 style="background-color:brown;">
<font face="Britannic Bold" size="7" color="white">
!! REPORTS ON CRIME AGAINST WOMEN !!
</font></h1></center>
<center>
<img src="reports\1.png"   width=500 height=400 style="max-width:100%;border:10px ridge #545565;">
<img src="reports\2.jpg"  width=500 height=400 style="max-width:100%;border:10px ridge #545565;"></center>
<h1 style="background-color:yellow;">
<font face="impact" size="6" color="black">
INDIA IS THE 4TH MOST DANGEROUS PLACE IN THE WORLD FOR WOMEN</h1>
<ol style="background-color:black;">
<font face="maiandra gd" size="5" color="red"><b>
<li> AFGHANISTAN<li> CONGO
<li> PAKISTAN<li> INDIA<li> SOMAL</b></ol>
<p style="background-color:yellow;">
<b><font face="impact" size="6" color="black">
!! 13 REPORTS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA !! JAN-FEB 2013</p>
<ol style="background-color:black;" align="left">
<font face="maiandra gd" size="5" color="red">
<li> 26 Yr Old Woman Beaten And Poisoned To Death By Her In Laws For Dowry
<li> Ex Boyfriend And Friends Arrested For For Abusing And Molesting Girl
<li> Suspended Police Constable Arrested On Rape Charges
<li> Karnataka: 24 Aborted Foetuses Found Abandoned In The Road Side
<li> Bodies Of 3 Minor Girls Found In A Well. Police Suspect Sexual Assault Before Murder
<li> Bangalore: Woman Gang Raped On Her Way Back From Church. 8 Arrested So Far
<li> 2 Awarded Death Sentence For Murder Of A Minor Girl And Rape Of Her Friend In 2007
<li> Dowry Harassment Victim Speaks Up. Police Book All The 5 Accused
<li> Kerala: Woman Gangraped By Four Unidentified Men. Investigations On
<li> Dutch Teenager Raped In Auto By Driver And Accomplice. Mumbai Police Launches                    Manhunt
<li> Man Arrested For Raping A 9 Yr Old Girl And Also Sexually Abusing His 12 Yr Old Son
<li> Abduction And Rape Of Minor Girl In Mangalore. Another Accused Arrested
<li> Girl Ends Life After Youths Took Lewd Pics Without Her Knowledge And Spread It</ol>
<center><h1 style="background-color:brown;">
<font face="Britannic Bold" size="7" color="white">
!! SOME REPORTS AGAINST CRIME TO WOMEN !!
</font></h1></center><br>
<center><img src="reports\3.png"   width=500 height=400 style="max-width:100%;border:10px ridge #545565;">
<img src="reports\4.jpg"  width=500 height=400 style="max-width:100%;border:10px ridge #545565;">
<img src="reports\5.jpg"   width=500 height=400 style="max-width:100%;border:10px ridge #545565;">
<img src="reports\6.bmp"  width=500 height=400 style="max-width:100%;border:10px ridge #545565;">
</center><br><br><br>></body></html>

Tuesday, 21 August 2012

The Voice Of Rain || Chapter Detailed




THE VOICE OF RAIN

|:| DETAILED EXPLANATION |:|


ABOUT THE AUTHOR

WALTER "WALT" WHITMAN (May 31, 1819 – March 26, 1892) was an American poet, essayist and journalist. A humanist, he was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism, incorporating both views in his works. Whitman is among the most influential poets in the American canon, often called the father of free verse.[1] His work was very controversial in its time, particularly his poetry collection Leaves of Grass, which was described as obscene for its overt sexuality.

INTRODUCTION

In this poem, the poet goes and asks the rain shower who it is, and the shower replies that its the poem of the earth.....it rises from the land and seas in the form of untouchable mist, in a form thats physically very different from its true self but otherwise just the same, to the sky. from there, it goes back down, and quenches the thirst of everything, right down to small dust particles. it also gives life to seeds and helps them grow into thriving plants. thus, it gives back what it takes, life, to the earth, and also makes it pure and beautiful.

Hearing this, the poet compares it to a song, which rises from its birthplace (the heart) roams around for a bit, and, whether heard and enjoyed or not, returns back to the heart and settles there when he stops singing, remaining a happy memory.


SUMMARY IN ENGLISH

|:| The VOICE OF RAIN |:|



The speaker enquired from the soft falling shower as to who or what it really is? Though it may appear to be very strange to express it in words, yet the soft rain seemed to give the speaker an answer which can be translated as follows: that it is the poem of the earth that rises eternally from an impalpable; not palpable; incapable of being perceived by the sense of touch; intangible: difficult for the mind to grasp readily or easily:(of powder) so fine that when rubbed between the fingers no grit is felt; something that cannot be touched; portion of the land and the bottomless sea. 

Upward to heaven, to the immeasurable heights of the sky, from whence it vaguely forms, altogether change and yet the same. 

It descends to lave; (of a river, sea, etc.) to flow along, against, or past; wash: Obsolete. To ladle; pour or dip with a ladle: wash or bathe; the droughts; a period of dry weather, esp. a long one that is injurious to crops: an extended shortage; atomies; tiny particles; and the dust layers of the globe. 

All that is in the world without the rain were only seeds that are latent; hidden; and unborn. Eternally, day and night, and round the clock, it gives back life to its own origin, to make the earth pure and beautify it. (For song, issuing from its birth place, after fulfillment, wandering Reck'd or unreck'd, duly with love returns); to have care, concern, or regard (often fol. by of, with, or a clause): to take heed: Archaic . 
To be of concern or importance; matter.




SOME QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. How does the rain justify its claim ‘I am the Poem of Earth’?
The rain calls itself the poem of earth because, the poem rendered by a poet,has the task of bringing joy, happiness, life to its readers. In the manner, therain drops, and falling over drought stricken earth, brings new life to the land asit also returns to its origin just like the rain drops.

2. What does the rain do to the things day and night?
The rain falls on the earth, and washes away the drought, it also helps the seedsto germinate and bring forth new life on the earth. Without it, all life on earthwould become lifeless.

3. What answer did the rain give to the poet about its origin?
The rain answered that it was the poem of the earth. It rose eternally out of theland and bottomless sea into the sky. There its form changed but essenceremained the same.

4. On what does the ‘rain descend’? What does it do to the things on which itfalls?
The rain descends on droughts, atoms and dust particles on the surface of theearth. It also falls on everything that is on the earth. It gives life to the things onwhich it falls. The things that do not get rain remain like seeds latent andunborn.

REFERENCE PASSAGE QUESTIONS

.....1st Stanza.....

And who art thou? Said I to the soft falling shower,
This, strange to tell, gave me an answer, as here
Translated:
I am the poem of Earth, said the voice of the raina


a. Name the poem and the poet.
The poem is ‘The Voice of the Rain’ and the name of the poet is ‘WaltWhitman’.

b. Who does ‘I’ refer to in the first and third line of this extract?
‘I’ in the first line is referred to the poet asking a question. ‘I’ in the third line isthe rain drop.

c. What do you understand by the phrase ‘Strange to tell’?
‘Strange to tell’ means that it is an unusual and extraordinary answer given bythe raindrops to the poet who asked who ‘it’ was.


d. How has the answer been conveyed to us and what is it?
The poet has personified the rain drop and it is answering the poet’s questionby saying that it is the ‘poem of the Earth’.



.....2nd Stanza....

Eternal I rise impalpable out of the land
And the bottomless sea,
Upwards to heaven, whence, vaguely form’d altogether
Changed, and yet the samea


a. From where does the rain originate?
The rain originates from the land and the bottomless (deep sea) in the form of water vapour.

b. How does it originate?
With the heat of the sun, the water evaporates from the sea or land and formswater- vapour which rises up in the atmosphere.

c. What happens to the rain in the sky?
In the sky, the rain drops form the rain. Their form has changed but the essencehas remained the same.



d. Name the poem and the poet.
The poem is ‘The Voice of the Rain’ and the poet is Walt Whitman.



.....3rd Stanza....

I descend to lave the droughts,
Atomies, dust- layers of the globe,
And all that in them without me were seeds
Only, latent, unborna


a. With what purpose does the rain descend from the sky?
The rain drops fall from the sky in order to give life to the dry areas and washthe famine-stricken lands.

b. How does the rain help the seeds?
The rain helps the seeds to germinate and grow into a new life.

c. Give the meanings of the words from the given lines:

come down - descend
to wash - lave


d. What is latent and unborn and why?
The seeds are dormant and unborn because of lack of water which is needed for them to germinate and form a new plant.


.....4th Stanza.....

And forever, by day and night, 
I giveBack life to my own origin,
And make pure and beautify it;


a. In what manner does the rain help its own origin?
The rain helps its own origin by watering the land and quenching the thirst of drought stricken areas.

b. Why has the poet given the life cycle of the song?
The poet has compared the life cycle of the rain drops to that of the song sayingthat they both return to their origin after fulfilling their tasks.

c. What is made ‘pure’?
The earth on which rain falls is made ‘pure’.


d. Which words in the given lines mean:


eternal - forever 
source - origin





......5th Stanza...... 

(For song, issuing from its birth-place, after fulfillment, 
wanderingReck’d or unreck’d, duly with love returns)


a. Why are the last lines put within brackets?
The last lines are put in brackets because they do not form the voice of the rainor the poet. They only certain a general observation by the poet about thecourse of a song.

b. ‘Reck’d or unreck’d’, what does this phrase mean?
Reck’d or unreck’d means whether cared for or not cared for.

c. Where does the song return?
The song returns to the place of its origin i.e. comes back to the poet.


d. Which word in the lines means ‘originating’?
Issuing


.................................................

~ BEST OF LUCK ~
.................................................


Friday, 3 August 2012

A Photograph || Chapter Detailed



A PHOTOGRAPH

|:| DETAILED EXPLANATION |:|



ABOUT THE AUTHOR


SHIRLEY TOULSON, who lives in Somerset, was drawn into the spell of Celtic Christianity as she worked on her books dealing with the oldest roads and folklore of Britain and Ireland, and found herself following the routes taken on their journeys by the saints of the early church.


INTRODUCTION


The poet remembers her mother who died about twelve years ago. There is a photograph taken when her mother had gone for a sea holiday with her cousins and her uncle. Looking at the photograph, she experiences the great loss of her mother.


SUMMARY IN ENGLISH


|:| The Photograph |:|


The poet looks at the photograph of her mother, which was taken when her mother was 12 years old. She had gone for a sea holiday with her cousins Betty and Dolly and while they were paddling, her uncle took a photograph of them. Each of the cousins was holding the hands of the poet’s mother who was the eldest among them. All the three of them stood smiling through their hair while the photo was taken. Her mother had a sweet face. All these happened before she was born. Years fled past since then. Her mother grew up into an adult. They all underwent changes while the sea stood still. After about twenty or thirty years the poet’s mother would look at the photograph laughing nostalgically and remembering the past. She would appreciate the dress worn by her cousins Betty and Dolly. The sea holiday belonged to the past of her mother and the poet still remembers how her mother would laugh looking at the snap shot. For the poet both these bring great sadness and an acute sense of loss. He mother died 12 years ago and now the poet has noting to say about this circumstance of the photograph. 




UNDERSTANDING THE LESSON THROUGH KEY SENTENCES


1. The poet looks at the cardboard on which there is a childhood photograph of her mother.
2. She had gone for a sea holiday with two her cousins Betty and Dolly
3. While they were paddling, their uncle took a photograph of them.
4. Both the cousins were holding the hands of her mother who was the eldest among the girls.
5. This was before the poet was born
6. Time fled past since and all those who are in the photograph under went changes while the sea remained the same.
7. Her mother would look at the photograph after about twenty to thirty years and laugh nostalgically.
8. Now for the poet her mother’s laughter and her sea holiday is a thing of the past.
9. Her mother died about 12 years ago.
10. The silence of the photograph silences the poet.
11. She experiences great loss.




TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS


1. What does the word ‘cardboard’ denote in the poem? Why has this word been used?
‘Cardboard’ refers to the photograph only. In the past photographs used to be fixed to a cardboard and hung from the wall for every one to see it.


2. What has the camera captured?
The camera has captured some happy moments from the childhood of the poet’s mother. It was a scene taken from a beach where she had gone with her cousins and her uncle for a sea holiday. The girls were paddling in the water.


3. What has not changed over the years? Does this suggest something to you?
The sea has not changed over the years. It is still the same. The sea symbolizes eternity.


4. The poet’s mother laughed at the snapshot. What did this laugh indicate?
This laugh indicates her remembering her past. She looked back to her childhood with nostalgia and remembered the innocent joys of her childhood days.


5. What is the meaning of the line “Both wry with the laboured ease or loss”
‘Both’ refers to the sea holiday as remembered by her mother and the poet remembering her mother’s laughing face. Both these now belong to the past. Her mother is no more now.


6. What does “this circumstance” refer to?
‘This circumstance’ refers to the circumstance when the photo was taken.


7. The three stanzas depict three different phases. What are they?
The three stanzas depict three different phases. The first stanza refers to the childhood of the poet’s mother. The second stanza refers to the poet’s childhood when her mother was an adult. The last stanza refers to the poet’s adulthood when she is not with her mother.


ADDITIONAL SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS


1. What scene from mother’s childhood has been captured in the photograph? Who had taken the photograph?
The scene that has been captured in the photograph is from mother’s childhood when she went for paddling with her two cousins. Mother’s uncle had taken the photograph.


2. How did the cousins accompany mother for paddling?
Her cousins accompanied mother by holding her hands when they went for paddling.


3. Explain the contrast given in the last two lines of the first stanza.
The contrast is between the sea and the humans. The sea had remained the same for all these years, but the humans have undergone changes. Her mother grew up and now she had been dead for the past twelve years.


4. How does the poet feel when she remember the sea holiday of her mother?
The poet feels sad when she remembers the sea holiday of her mother. Her mother died twelve years ago.


5. Why doesn’t she want to think about the photograph any more?
She doesn’t want think about the photograph any more because it brings the pain of loss to her mind.




REFERENCE PASSAGE QUESTIONS




.....1st Stanza.....


The cardboard shows me how it was
When the two girl cousins went paddling
Each one holding one of my mother’s hands,
And she the big girl- some twelve years or so.


a. What does the cardboard refer to?
The cardboard refers to the childhood photograph of her mother.


b. Who was the big girl and how old was she?
The big girl was the poet’s mother. She was then twelve years old.


c. How did the cousins go paddling with mother?
The girl cousins went paddling with mother holding her hand.




.....2nd Stanza....


All three stood still to smile through their hair
At the uncle with the camera, A sweet face
My mother’s, that was before I was born


a. Who does ‘all three’ refer to here?
‘all three’ refers to the poet’s mother and her two cousins.


b. Where are they now?
They have gone to the seashore. They are paddling in the water.


c. Why did they smile through their hair?
They smiled through their hair because they were posing for a photograph.




.....3rd Stanza....


…………………………………………………..A sweet face,
My mother’s, that was before I was born
And the sea, which appears to have changed less
Washed their terribly transient feet.


a. Where was her mother?
Her mother was on the sea shore with her cousins and posing for a photograph.


b. When did this incident took place?
This incident took place when she was twelve years old.


c. How is the poet able to remember her mother’s childhood?
The poet is able to remember her mother’s childhood when she looks into the photograph of her mother.


d. What has stood the onslaught of time and what has not?
The sea has stood the onslaught of time. It is still the same. However, her mother and her cousins underwent changes. Her mother grew up to be an adult and now she is no more.




.....4th Stanza.....


Some twenty- thirty- years later
She’d laugh at the snapshot. “See Betty
And Dolly,” she’d say, “and look how they
Dressed us for the beach.”


a. Who would laugh at the snapshot after twenty – thirty years later?
The poet’s mother would laugh at the snapshot after twenty – thirty years later.


b. How did mother remember her past?
Mother remembered her past with nostalgia.


c. Who were Betty and Dolly?
Betty and Dolly were her cousins who had gone with her to the beach for paddling.




......6th Stanza...... 


………………………………… The sea holiday
was her past, mine is her laughter. Both wry
With the laboured ease of loss


a. Who went for the sea holiday in the past?
The poet’s mother had gone for the sea holiday in the past when she was a young girl.


b. What does ‘both’ refer to?
‘Both’ refers to the poet’s mother remembering her past sea holiday as well as the poet remembering her mother’s laughter.


c. How does the poet feel when she remembers her mother?
The poet experiences great sorrow when she remembers her mother who left for heavenly abode twelve years ago.




........7th Stanza.......


Now she’s has been dead nearly as many years
As that girl lived. And of this circumstance
There is nothing to say at all,
Its silence silences.


a. How many years are over after the death of her mother?
Her mother died 12 years ago.


b. What does ‘this circumstance’ refer to?
‘This circumstance’ refers to the sea holiday enjoyed by her mother.


c. Why has the poet nothing to say about this circumstance?
The poet has nothing to say about this circumstance as the memory of it brings pain to her.


d. What impact has the photograph on the poet?
The silence of the photograph silences the poet. She experiences the great loss of her mother.


.................................................

~ BEST OF LUCK ~
.................................................




Beautiful White Horse || Summary






THE SUMMER OF THE 
BEAUTIFUL WHITE HORSE

|:| Summary |:|



Aram and Mourad are cousins in the Garoghlanian family (an Armenian tribe), which has a reputation for honesty that has been maintained by its family members for hundreds of years. But the tribe is extremely poverty stricken though they never resort to unfair means to get money. Both boys long to ride a horse, but their poverty keeps them from their deepest dream. Early one morning, Mourad shows up at Aram's home on a charming white horse. Aram is awestruck! He cannot understand where Mourad got this beautiful horse when they do not have enough money to afford one. 

But he also cannot think that his cousin--a member of the honest tribe--can ever steal. But he is too surprised to try and find out the truth. He so longs for a ride. Also Mourad is determined to keep it, and they try their best to keep the horse a secret from others and learn to ride it. 

In the days to follow, both the boys take out the horse from its hiding place every morning to ride in the countryside. Though, only Mourad can ride the horse properly as he has mastered the art by having riding practice for a month before revealing his secret to Aram. 

Aram tries hard to master the skill. He is determined to learn to ride and tells Mourad not to return the horse until he himself learns to ride. Mourad says it would take Aram a year to learn to ride. He cannot keep the horse that long but Aram tells him to keep it.

Mourad has a special quality---a deep understanding with all animals. He says "I have a way with a horse". Really he has a way with all animals and birds. Once he was repairing the hurt wing of a young robin and whispering to it. Mourad is considered a crazy fellow--the descendant of his crazy uncle Khusrove. 

Uncle Khusrove has a very bad temper and always stops people from talking by shouting--"It's no harm,pay no attention to it!" Even when his son informs him that their house in on fire when uncle is having a hair-cut, uncle simply sends the boy away repeating his famed dialogue! Also when John Byro--the real owner of the stolen horse-- comes to Aram's house to recount his sad tale of losing his beautiful horse, uncle simply says the matter is of no use and he should pay no attention to it. Then follows a humorous conversation between Khusrove and Byro at the end of which the sad farmer stomps out the house in frustration.

One day when Mourad and Aram are taking the horse to the farm at which they have been hiding it, they come face to face with the horse's owner John Byro. He looks at the horse very eagerly and studies it tooth by tooth. He exclaims that this white horse is identical to the one horse he owns. Finally he says that it cannot be the same one, for the Garoghlanian tribe is noted for its honesty. Aram notes that Mouצing thing happens. The guard dogs of John Byro instead of barking at the strangers follow them around silently. Yes Mourad communicates with them, perhaps telling them to not make noise!

The next day John Byro visits the Garoghlanian family home to tell of a great miracle. The horse which had mysteriously disappeared from his barn has returned! It was a very amazing happening; and the horse returned better trained and well-tempered. All this happened due to Mourad. This is the story of the beautiful white horse. The Garoghlanian family thus maintained their good name too.  
- By William Saroyan


A Photograph || Summary






A PHOTOGRAPH

|:| Summary |:|


The cardboard; here it refers to the photo frame; showed the speaker how life was when the two cousin sisters went paddling; to propel or travel in a canoe or the like by using a paddle: to row lightly or gently with oars: to move by means of paddle wheels, as a steamer: to propel with a paddle: to spank or beat with or as with a paddle: to stir, mix, or beat with or as with a paddle: to convey by paddling, as a canoe: here it means walked barefoot in shallow water; with each one of them holding the speaker’s mother’s hands. 


The bigger girl of the cousin sisters must be about twelve years old. All three of them stood still shoulder to shoulder to smile through their long hair at the camera whose picture was taken by the uncle holding it. The mother had a sweet and pleasant smile before her child was born into this world. 


The sea in which they were paddling; which seemed to not have been changed; washed their terribly transient; not lasting, enduring, or permanent; transitory: lasting only a short time; existing briefly; temporary: staying only a short time: here it means short lived; wet feet.
After twenty to thirty years later, the mother took out the photograph and laughed at the snapshot. The two cousin sisters were Betty and Dolly. She found it so hilarious at the manner that they dressed up for the beach. The sea holiday was her past for the mother while it was laughter for the speaker. 


Both mother and daughter wry; produced by a distortion or lopsidedness of the facial features: abnormally bent or turned to one side; twisted; crooked: devious in course or purpose; misdirected; contrary; perverse: distorted or perverted, as in meaning: bitterly or disdainfully ironic or amusing; at the labored ease of loss. 


But now the mother has been dead for the past few years just as one of those cousin sisters’ lives. Out of all these circumstances, there is nothing else left to say. The matter is closed and silence has sealed its fate.
- By Shirley Tolson